DATE-31-7-2021 ALL STANDARD ALL SUBJECT HOME LEARNING VIDEO LINK USEFUL FOR ALL SCHOOL

That's not the type of ray.  I offer a string, 6. bake in planting in hva, |  Rw Dithi Jal Sha Moje Food Usha.1, Ni Na Ai, Self labor does not clap in a year.  You have to grow |  Poca grown in Mi Kwa Ni.  

  Vitak me ma ke hai je pantar pa raganyan vad poliviathan] va she pava ma aava va par par to tha 41 run shradh hai.  Vaghak Crops - Crops like tobacco, except for animal feed, are grown for sale. * Only 14 PK.  Prerequisite.

 Knowledge of Rushi, etc. Classification of useful plants and animals Different codes and use of animals Codes and nutrition in animals C Integrated learning experiences: Using interactive quiz (example: kahoot), check previous understanding about fish.  Memorize useful plants and animals using the Traction Drag and Drop Activity (MSP.) There are 4 students searching about the type of lesson in this web site https: textbook com blog roprin - media pl Josh-1.11  Discuss crop types based on reading, as a group, students create digital infographics based on their reading.

Use Fasely as an online tool. • The teacher can show different types of crop samples (using images or videos)  Explains. * Students will find the major states producing each type of crop from the web. 

તા:31/07/2021 નું હોમ લર્નિંગ ડાયરેક યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્ર તમારા ધોરણની નીચે આપેલી લિંક ખોલીને આજનું ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મેળવો યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-3 પ્રવૃત્તિસભર શૈક્ષણિક કાર્યક્રમ નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-4 પ્રવૃત્તિસભર શૈક્ષણિક કાર્યક્રમ નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-5 પ્રવૃત્તિસભર શૈક્ષણિક કાર્યક્રમ નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-6 ચિત્રકામ(Drawing) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-7 ચિત્રકામ(Drawing) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-8 ચિત્રકામ(Drawing) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-9 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો. 

તા- 31-07-2021 ધોરણ-11 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

Website links can be given to Kolkata slogans, * Using a map of India showing the main areas of crops in India, https: // commons. Wikimedia. Gg / wiki / File:  Major_crop_areas_India.png Teacher discusses crop distribution in India. 'Summary using Prademap (Teacher can also use interactive mind rup, 141k,

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હોમ લર્નિંગ અંતર્ગત દૂરદર્શન કેન્દ્ર -ડીડી ગિરનાર પર શૈક્ષણિક કાર્યના પ્રસારણ બાબત

 ગુજરાત રાજ્યની પ્રાથમિક શાળાઓ માટે ઊંઘની કાર્યક્રમ નો નવો પરિપત્ર જુલાઈ 2021 હો હું પ્રાથમિક શાળાના તમામ બાળકો માટે ઓનલાઇન કેવી રીતે ભણાવવો તેનું આયોજન ને ટાઈમ ટેબલ મુકવામાં આવેલું છે ધોરણ ૧ થી ધોરણ ૧૨ સુધીના તમામ બાળકો મહત્વ મહત્વપૂર્ણ કાર્યક્રમ homeline ઘરે બેઠા જ બાળકો શીખી શકે છે દૂરદર્શન ઉપર ઓનલાઇન કાર્યક્રમ પ્રસારણ કરવામાં આવે છે સમયમાં બાળકો શાળાએ જઈ શકતા નથી પણ ઘરે બેઠા ઓનલાઇન ભણી શકે છે તે માટે સૌ મહત્વપૂર્ણ સૌને ઉપયોગી દરેક બાળક માટે ખાસ મહત્વની કાર્યક્રમ તેનો પરિપત્ર તથા તેનો ટાઈમ ટેબલ મુકવામાં આવેલ છે તમામ બાળકો છે તે પરિપત્ર ની માહિતી શેર કરજો 

મહત્વપૂર્ણ લિંક

 ઓગસ્ટ 2021 નો પરિપત્ર તથા ટાઈમટેબલ  જોવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો 

મહત્વપૂર્ણ લિંક

 જુલાઈ 2021 નો પરિપત્ર તથા ટાઈમટેબલ  જોવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો 

ઓગસ્ટ 2021 નો પરિપત્ર તથા ટાઈમટેબલ જોવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો 

જુલાઈ 2021 નો પરિપત્ર તથા ટાઈમટેબલ જોવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો 

હોમ લર્નિંગ " અંતર્ગત દૂરદર્શન કેન્દ્ર -ડીડી ગિરનાર પર શૈક્ષણિક કાર્યના પ્રસારણ બાબત .... શ્રીમાન , ઉપરોક્ત વિષય અન્વયે જણાવવાનું કે જૂન -૨૦૨૧ થી શરુ થયેલ ચાલુ શૈક્ષણિક વર્ષમાં ૧૦ જૂન થી ૧૩ જુલાઈ સુધી ‘ બ્રિજ કોર્ષ : ક્લાસરેડીનેશ – જ્ઞાનસેતુ કાર્યક્રમ યોજવામાં આવેલ હતો . વિદ્યાર્થીઓના શૈક્ષણિક કાર્ય માટે રાજ્ય કક્ષાએથી ધો -૩ થી ૫ , ધો- ૬ થી ૮ અને ધો- ૯ થી ૧૨ ના વિદ્યાર્થીઓ માટે તૈયાર કરેલ વિષયવસ્તુ આધારિત વીડિયો / શૈક્ષણિક પાઠ ટી.વી.ના માધ્યમથી એટલે કે દૂરદર્શન કેન્દ્ર- ડી.ડી. ગિરનાર ચેનલથી ૨૨ જૂલાઈ -૨૦૨૧ થી શરુ કરવામાં આવનાર છે . આ અંગે ધો -૩ થી ૧૨ ના વિદ્યાર્થીઓ માટે દૂરદર્શન - ડીડી ગીરનાર પરથી તારીખ ૨૨ જુલાઈથી ૩૧ જુલાઈ -૨૦૨૧ દરમ્યાન પ્રસારિત થનાર શૈક્ષણિક વીડિયોનું સમયપત્રક સાથે સામેલ છે . જેથી આપના જિલ્લાની તમામ શાળાઓમાં બી.આર.સી / સી.આર.સી.કૉ.ઓર્ડિનેટર / આચાર્યો / શિક્ષકો મારફત વાલીઓ , વિદ્યાર્થીઓ સુધી આ સમયપત્રક પહોંચાડવા વિનંતી છે . આભારસહ . બિડાણ- ધો . ૩ થી ૧૨ માટેનું ૨૨ જુલાઈ થી ૩૧ જુલાઈ -૨૦૨૧ સુધીનું સમયપત્રક.

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DATE-30-7-2021 ALL STANDARD ALL SUBJECT HOME LEARNING VIDEO LINK USEFUL FOR ALL SCHOOL

Anatomy 40 Online Labs Quiver Sky View Free Arts and Culture Star Tracker PhET Stop Motion Animation etc.  Street view Kahoot, etc 7 8 9.  10.  11 Learning It is the responsibility of the teacher to use specific thematic tools to make teaching more effective in the teaching process.  

Activity - 5 Activity Identify the appropriate ICT tools for each topic from a set of ICT cards, depending on the content and method you choose.  

તા:30/07/2021 નું હોમ લર્નિંગ ડાયરેક યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્ર તમારા ધોરણની નીચે આપેલી લિંક ખોલીને આજનું ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મેળવો યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-3 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-4 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-5 हिन्दी નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-6 અંગ્રેજી-ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-7 અંગ્રેજી-ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-8 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-9 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 30-07-2021 ધોરણ-12 રસાયણ વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

Discuss the rationale for choosing that ICT troll.  ICT, pedagogy and content integration are based ICT integration with content and pedagogy Most classes on teacher competency may not be fully ICT based but it is a holistic approach.  

Study.  The ability to integrate ICT in learning methodology and assessment develops on the basis of study and technology education and subject matter foreknowledge (TPACK).  

The integration of ICT should be meaningful as it allows P Bhatkar to appoint knowledge only through learners instead of being an alternative to any other traditional teaching support.  

Example for ICT Integrated Activities Subject Science Class Hd y Karan Crop Production and Appalachian Subject Crop Definition of Crop Kharif, V, Cash and Khai Paki.  સૂ List of examples of different types of crops Kharif crop different from sun crop.  

Classify cash crops from female crops, traditional crops from hybrid crops into kharif, sun, cash and food crops પાક Recognize the importance of agriculture in human life.  140

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DATE-28-7-2021 ALL STANDARD ALL SUBJECT HOME LEARNING VIDEO LINK USEFUL FOR ALL SCHOOL

 Jaane na chaano ek n shiva j gh NI \ ulta no upto rake, jayare te shikam vishyavatunu ai aa ray ma padha na bapare hai  M p k ro is as widely shown in this work to be in ghee.  Choose a topic from the Activity 2 heating card, sort out your choice from them.  

.

Note the preliminary conclusions for this issue.  Also identify the three main ideas / topics for achieving these study findings.  This theme is fact oriented, conceptual, pragmatic  Identifies the bone marrow.  Dimension-2 contextual analysis: contextual analysis is a method for analyzing the environment.  

With regard to ICT in education, this dual study-teaching process is working.  Context Analysis ઍ Study - Covers all aspects of teaching Think about the given pro.  - What are the ICT facilities available in TIs?  Is.  What is the SUPPORT SYSTEM that helps in CT in PAO and how does it facilitate the use of c1?  What kind of ability should an ATM teacher have?  

  Can all children use ICT?  Are all ICT tools selected based on the characteristics of the students and the facilities available in the school?  Two things to keep in mind when analyzing the mood of a segment.  School structure (infrastructure) and availability of human resources,

તા:28/07/2021 નું હોમ લર્નિંગ ડાયરેક યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્ર તમારા ધોરણની નીચે આપેલી લિંક ખોલીને આજનું ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મેળવો યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-3 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-4 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-5 આસપાસ(પર્યાવરણ) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-6 સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન-ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-7 સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન-ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-8 વિજ્ઞાન-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-10 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 28-07-2021 ધોરણ-12 રસાયણ વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

 Recognition adjustments found in the school structure in the classroom such as availability of electricity, projector system, internet connection, availability of printers, misters, laptops, tablets etc.  The availability of teachers and technical ticks in human resource can include the ability to use ICT resources etc.  135

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DATE-27-7-2021 ALL STANDARD ALL SUBJECT HOME LEARNING VIDEO LINK USEFUL FOR ALL SCHOOL

 Destiny does not work Not enough!  Hit Lay has taken the path of votes.  Will spend on the following examples - napa tinya is and determined that  is not that if the joy of finishing sleeps that the cap on it to drink per bi nik potpam no patora rai ane viyevastune se mere for it  Choose the size of the chikara.

To know what is being done. See the details of Nirtha Kha Khel Kotha Moditwal. Full content of self-contained media that is used.  Who has the basic right to be offered?  Any way in the content list  Being factual and kind of visual   Basic pampering presentation by students.  

Preparing rights, digital posters  Required, so an audio digital |  The visual resource would be in vain like Flara Kadvagare.  Students, if the fundamental rights only relate to any electrical sannyas.  Sculptures are provided in the form of lists such as flashcards, charts, posters, etc. 

તા:27/07/2021 નું હોમ લર્નિંગ ડાયરેક યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્ર તમારા ધોરણની નીચે આપેલી લિંક ખોલીને આજનું ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મેળવો યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-3 ગુજરાતી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-4 ગુજરાતી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-5 અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-6 ગણિત-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-7 ગણિત-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-8 ગણિત-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-10 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 27-07-2021 ધોરણ-12 રસાયણ વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

The student is credited with understanding how to calculate the demonstration surface of a cylindrical video. 5 It is not enough to teach just one audio.  The reason.  That the student has to decide the cylindrical picture in mind.  |  So that even the instrument of kindness becomes necessary to meet here.  A video in which the conceptual surface area of ​​a positive cylinder is 133

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DATE-26-7-2021 ALL STANDARD ALL SUBJECT HOME LEARNING VIDEO LINK USEFUL FOR ALL SCHOOL

 According to NET, there is a group of technical media and emapuno no ray, which are the caps and caps of the cap in order to get the information to the public.  Inter, Internet (Wells Adventure, Khadogs I Like Chhas), Live |  The support includes television and webcasting), recorded video and video conferencing and telephonic (Nivet Adyava a. 1. Rocketya, video video conferencing, etc.). 

 How to classify as a CT? The same scene - and it is ICT Refers to .. Band. Wat San: 1 Digital Information will be the same Klein 2.80 rush. 

Take the example of smart phone Smart phone can be classified as ICT cess; car  From which a digital image can be created, which can be saved whenever needed and obtained from G! Why, a digital image can be used as needed which can be shared. 

 Any CIV tax / technology used to create, store, retrieve, transmit, transmit and retrieve digital information, / technology can be classified as ICT, ST has brought brilliance in all fields including teaching and learning.  

The way Shim Ko looks at the content with the use of new, right  Deliver content using methods, po.  ICT has an impact on how it integrates pages and adopts strategies for expanding learning and assessment, in line with advances in the digital world, equipped with the professional skills needed to use ICT for the learning process. 

તા:26/07/2021 નું હોમ લર્નિંગ ડાયરેક યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્ર તમારા ધોરણની નીચે આપેલી લિંક ખોલીને આજનું ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મેળવો યુટ્યુબ ના માધ્યમથી.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-3 પર્યાવરણ(આસપાસ) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-4 પર્યાવરણ(આસપાસ) નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-5 ગણિત નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-6 સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-7 સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન-અંગ્રેજી નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-8 સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન-हिन्दी નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-10 વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

તા- 26-07-2021 ધોરણ-12 રસાયણ વિજ્ઞાન નો વિડિયો જોવા અહી ક્લિક કરો.

(Honey needs to be focused on the medium. Integration means not only using the Internet and digital devices. But also intending to use it as a tool to achieve industry and eating results related to the subject that can be taught and learned. Teachers have socialized that  How to integrate pedagogy and subject matter, acquire knowledge.

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Standarad 12 Science NEET And GUJCET Preparation Gujarat Virtual School Online Class

 Standarad 12 Science NEET And GUJCET Preparation Gujarat Virtual School Online Class

If the exam is taken, the guideline will be issued

There will be guidelines on how to conduct the exam and with how many students to attend

More than 12 lakh students of standard 10 and more than 4 lakh students of standard 12 will have to wait for the decision till May 15

Due to uncontrollable corona in Gujarat, mass promotion has been given to students of Std. 1 to 9 and Std. While standard 10 and 12 examinations have been postponed. However, the biggest question now is whether the standard 10 and standard 12 exams will be held in the situation where Corona is now reaching home. DivyaBhaskar then had an exclusive conversation with Dinesh Patel, Secretary, Board of Secondary Education. In the conversation, he said that the review meeting will be held on May 15. This meeting will decide on the standard 10 and 12 examinations.

Divyabhaskar: When will the standard 10 and 12 exams be decided?

Dinesh Patel: A review meeting will be held on May 15. The review meeting will be attended by the Education Department, Health Department and the Chief Minister and the situation will be reviewed by all of them. Only then will a decision be made about the exam. No decision on the exam will be taken till May 15.

Divyabhaskar: Will standard 10 and 12 exams be canceled?

Dinesh Patel: There is no consideration about canceling the standard 10 examination at present. The review meeting will be held on May 15. It will decide on the examination keeping in view the situation at that time.

: If no decision is taken to cancel the exam, guidelines on how to conduct the exam and with how many students will be present will also be released. But till May 15, more than 12 lakh students of Gujarat Board's Std. 10 and more than 4 lakh students of Std. 12 will have to wait for the decision.

The education department and the government are confused about taking the exam

The education department and the state government still seem to be confused about taking the standard 10 and 12 exams. While the CBSE board and other states have given mass promotions in standard 10, no decision has been taken by the board in Gujarat yet. Apart from this, a letter has also been written by the Board of Guardians to the Chief Minister and the Education Department to cancel the examination. But no decision has been taken about the exam yet.

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It is difficult to arrange an examination system between unruly corona

More than 10 lakh students are to appear for the standard 10 examination. It seems very difficult to manage at the present stage. Because if the amount of oxygen and medicine is missing, who is responsible for such a large number of students sitting for exams and getting corona infection? Students are also confused about how to get admission in the next year.

Important Link :

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Click Here To View DNA: Daily NEET Analysis Youtube Channel

The effect of Corona's condition on the students' psyche

The Board of Trustees has given a letter to the Education Minister stating the reasons for canceling the examinations. The corona virus has had a serious effect oni the minds of students. They do not understand how to prepare for the exams, as no date has been set. Parents are also worried about the current Corona situation and the way Corona's cases are increasing, so they are not ready to put students to the test.

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G-Shala Mobile App Download Link

 G-Shala Mobile App Download Link

G-Shala Mobile App Download: The full name of G-Shala App is Gujarat Student's Holistic Adaptive Learning App. The field of technology is booming, with travelers and IT. The field of education is at the forefront, which also brings all the benefits to the field of education.

G-Shala Learning App: G-Shala App is Easy to use. It means of education are being explored through educational technology. For example, we can take advantage of this technology in the field of teaching, learning, assessment, etc.

G-Shala Mobile App

G-Shala App: The new horizons of learning are expanding. What gradually promotes self-learning. The new field of e-learning is likely to benefit students more and more numerically and qualitatively. In which teaching, learning and students cross the boundaries between the four walls of the classroom.

G-Shala App Download Link

The online education system is now on the rise. In this case, electronic learning is the use of methodologies in the teaching and learning of information and communication technologies connected to the Earth Network. Which is associated with the development and use of ICT infrastructure.

G-Shala Login

This type of study broadens the study process and covers a more diverse population. The e-learning environment makes a variety of multimedia content available in the home and provides adaptations for their use. You need to have a traveler for e-learning.

G-Shala - The Learning Application Download Link

G Shala app is for Teachers and Students: If we have the right kind of traveler, e-learning is possible for long enough anywhere, anytime. E-learning CD-ROM, a broadband network that can also be Internet-based, with information available in written country form: audio, animation and virtual environment.

Through which the study experiences obtained are often shown to be superior to the experiences found in a complete classroom. In this, the student learns according to her own speed and the study of the Elephant Handson Learning. There are also many limitations in e-learning, which we experience in classroom learning. For example, boring slides, monotonous speech, fewer opportunities for interaction, etc.

G Shala - The E-Learning App

You just have to be more demanding with the help you give other people. In e learning, 'e' stands for electronics, a study based on equipment, systems, interconnections, technology, and electronic principles. Here e-learning is not limited only to study, it is also associated with teaching.

વિદ્યાર્થીઓ એ રેજીટ્રેશન કઈ રીતે કરવું તેનો સંપુર્ણ વિડિઓ સ્ટેપ બાય સ્ટેપ જોવા અહીં ક્લિક કરો.

G-Shala Mobile App Download Link ⤵️

🔷 Download G Shala 12 App From Here

🔶 Teacher and Student Login Page

🌐 વિદ્યાર્થીઓ એ રજિસ્ટ્રેશન કેવી રીતે કરવું તેની સંપૂર્ણ સમજ માટેનો વિડિયો જોવા અહીં ક્લીક કરો-1

🌐 વિદ્યાર્થીઓ એ રજિસ્ટ્રેશન કેવી રીતે કરવું તેની સંપૂર્ણ સમજ માટેનો વિડિયો જોવા અહીં ક્લીક કરો-2(Allhelpguruji)

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Home Learning Study materials Video |Standard 10th | DD Girnar-Diksha Portal Video @ https://diksha.gov.in | the Year 2020-21

 House Studying  Study materials Video |Standard 10th | DD Girnar-Diksha Portal Video @ https://diksha.gov.in | the Year 2020-21

What Is an Index Fund?

An index fund is a kind  of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) with a portfolio constructed to match or track the components of a financial market index, like the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500). An index mutual fund is said to offer broad market exposure, low operating expenses, and low portfolio turnover. These funds go after their benchmark index regardless of the state of the markets.

Index funds are normally considered ideal core portfolio holdings for retirement accounts, like  individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and 401(k) accounts. Legendary investor Warren Buffett has suggested index funds as a haven for savings for the later years of life. Rather than picking out personal stocks for investment, he has told , it makes more sense for the average investor to buy all of the S&P 500 companies at the low price  an index fund offers.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

An index fund is a portfolio of stocks or bonds drew to mimic the composition and performance of a financial market index.

Index funds have lower costs and fees than actively managed funds.

Index funds go after  a passive investment strategy.

Index funds seek to match the risk and return of the market, on the theory that in the long-term, the market will outperform any individual investment.

John Bogle on Starting World's 1st Index Fund

How an Index Fund Works

"Indexing" is a form of plaint fund management. Instead of a fund portfolio manager actively stock picking and market timing—that is, choosing securities to invest in and strategizing when to purchase and sell them—the fund manager builds a portfolio whose holdings mirror the securities of a specific index. The idea is that by mimicking the profile of the index—the stock market as a whole, or a broad segment of it—the fund will match its performance also .

There is an index, and an index fund, for nearly each financial market in existence. In the U.S, the most famous index funds track the S&P 500. But various other indexes are widely used also , containing :

Russell 2000, made up of a small-cap company stocks

Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index, the largest U.S. equities index

MSCI EAFE, consisting of abroad stocks from Europe, Australasia, and the Far East

Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index, which goes after the total bond market

Nasdaq Composite, created up of 3,000 stocks listed on the Nasdaq exchange

Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), consisting of 30 hug-cap companies

An index fund tracking is the DJIA, for example, would invest in the same 30, large and publicly-owned companies that comprise that index.

Portfolios of index funds substantially only change when their benchmark indexes swap. If the fund is following a weighted index, its managers might periodically re-balance the percentage of various securities to reflect the weight of their presence in the benchmark. Weighting is a system used to balance out the influence of any single holding in an index or a portfolio.

Index Funds vs. Actively Managed Funds

Investing in an index fund is a form of passive investing. The opposite strategy is active investing, as knew in actively managed mutual funds—the ones with the securities-picking, market-timing portfolio manager showed above.

Lower Costs

One primary benefit  that index funds have over their actively managed counterparts is the lower management expense ratio. A fund's expense ratio—as well as known as the management expense ratio—contains all of the operating expenses such as the payment to advisors and managers, transaction costs , taxes, and accounting fees.

Since the index fund managers are easily replicating the performance of a benchmark index, they do not require the services of research analysts and others that assist in the stock-selection process. Managers of index funds trade holdings low often, incurring fewer transaction fees and commissions. In the contrast, actively managed funds have bigger staffs and conduct more transactions, driving up the cost of doing business.

The extra expenses of fund management are reflected in the fund's expense ratio and get passed on to investors. As a outcome , cheap index funds often cost less than a percent—0.2%-0.5% is typical, with some firms offering even lower expense ratios of 0.05% or less—compared to the much higher fees actively managed funds command, typically 1% to 2.5%.

Cost ratios directly affect the overall performance of a fund. Actively managed funds, with their often-higher cost ratios, are automatically at a disadvantage to index funds, and struggle to keep up with their benchmarks in terms of overall return.

If you have an online brokerage account, check its mutual fund or ETF screener to view which index funds are obtainable to you.

Better Returns?

Lowered cost leads to better performance. Advocates argue that passive funds have been successful in outperforming most actively arranged mutual funds. It is true that a majority of mutual funds break down to beat broad indexes. For example, while the five years ending December 2019, 80% of large-cap funds generated a return less than the S&P 500, as per  SPIVA Scorecard data from S&P Dow Jones Indices.1

On the other hand, passively managed funds do not aim  to beat the market. Their strategy instead seeks to match the overall risk and return of the market—on the theory that the market always victor .

Passive management leading to positive presentation tends to be true over the long time . With shorter time spans, active mutual funds do good . The SPIVA Scorecard describe that in a span of one year, only 70% of large-cap mutual funds under performed the S&P 500. In other way , over one-third of them beat it in the short time . As well as , in other categories, actively managed money rules. As an example, nearly 70% of mid-cap mutual funds beat their S&P Mid Cap 400 Growth Index benchmark, in the course of a year.2

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Home Learning Study materials Video |Standard 09th | DD Girnar-Diksha Portal Video @ https://diksha.gov.in | the Year 2020-21

 Home Learning Study materials Video |Standard 09th | DD Girnar-Diksha Portal Video @ https://diksha.gov.in | the Year 2020-21

Equity funds versus index funds - how to make the choice

As an investor, you have the choice of being an active investor or a passive investor. An active investor is a person who is willing to take on stock selection risk in search of higher returns. A passive investor is happy with lower returns but does not want to take on added company specific and industry specific risk. While the active investor can typically opt for an equity diversified fund, the passive investor will opt for an index fund or an index ETF. In an index fund, you only have market risk or systematic risk unlike in an equity fund where you also have the unsystematic risk factors impacting your fund returns. However, the assumption in active investing is that the stock selection will result in higher returns.

The question is how do you make the choice between equity funds vs index funds? How mutual funds are different from index funds and what are the factors to consider before taking a call on investment? Let us start off by understanding the relative of advantages of equity funds and index funds under different circumstances and then look at the basic differences between index funds and equity funds.

What exactly is an index fund?

Most of us are familiar with the concept of equity diversified funds and hence we share focus more on understanding the idea of index funds. They are the example of passive investing which needs to be understood as opposed to active investing. In active investing (equity diversified fund), the fund manager has the leeway and discretion to buy and sell stocks to enhance returns. Diversified equity funds, sector funds, thematic funds are all examples of active funds. Index fund, on the other hand, invests its corpus in the index stocks in the same proportion as the index (Sensex or Nifty). Index funds in India are typically benchmarked to the Nifty or the Sensex. It is only when the index weights change or when stocks are added or deleted from the index that the index fund manager makes modifications to the index fund portfolio. An index fund is intended to replicate the index returns as close as possible.

How does an investor benefit by investing in index funds?

Take the Sensex since its inception in 1979. The Sensex had a base value of 100 in 1979 and over the last 39 years it has given 35-fold returns. The Nifty has its base in the year 1995 and has given 11-fold returns over the last 23 years. Forget about specific stocks, even if you had invested in an index fund you would have made a lot of money.

Discretion is good but it is hard to judge whether discretion will work or not work. A company like GE which dominated the US markets for 50 years is a shadow of its past due to some bad investments in the financial business. That is the risk of giving too much discretion to the fund manager. Index funds overcome the bias of human discretion, which is the problem with diversified equity funds. Thus the fund manager is vulnerable to human conditioning and therefore the biases and past experiences impact investment strategy. If you want to overcome this bias and want your portfolio to just track a rule-based index, then an index fund is just for you.

The big saving in index funds is the costs. In fact, some of the market experts like Sharpe have argued that it is impossible to consistently beat the market and if it happens, it is hard for investors to find such funds that can eat the market. Hence indexing works better over long periods of time. Costs in an index fund are substantially lower. For example, if you take any equity diversified fund in India, the average TER (total expense ratio) is in the range of 2.5-2.8%. In case of index funds, the TER is nearly 120-130 bps lower and that makes a big difference to your long term returns. If you are looking at just about market returns, then index funds with low tracking error are the right product for you.

If you take any diversified fund today, they do largely reflect the index, unless it is a multi cap fund. Effectively, you are paying higher TER for a virtual index fund, which you can get at least 120-130 bps cheaper if you opt for an index fund. Why to end up paying a higher Total Expense Ratio (TER) for marginal return benefits? Index funds can help you overcome this challenge.

Does the investor lose out on anything by opting for an index fund?

Under normal market conditions, an index fund can perform. But what about special situations. Higher volatility, lower rates, higher commodity prices; these are the situations when you can create alpha. Fund manager discretion works better in such cases where asset allocation decisions have to be taken. If the fund manager finds the market to be too volatile, then cash allocation can be increased. An index fund does not have that flexibility as it has to be fully invested in the index.

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When you invest in index funds, remember that it is not entire risk free. There is market risk or Beta risk in these index funds. Also, there is the risk of tracking error and let us look at this in greater detail. Tracking error is the extent to which the index fund does not track the index. Tracking error occurs in index funds due reasons like liquidity provisions, index constituent changes, corporate actions etc.

In a country like India, there are enough alpha opportunities and therefore index funds are likely to underperform the actively managed funds. As an investor you need to keep in mind that index funds have not been great performers in the past. However, it is surely an idea which may become a lot more attractive in the coming years.

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